John Ward 2011

M, #201, b. 1822, d. 22 January 1878
Name-Change John Ward 201 was also known as John Starling Tanner 201.2 

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1822.1 
DeathHe died on 22 January 1878 at Colonial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Bronchitis.3,4 
BurialHe was buried on 22 January 1878 at East Perth Cemetery, East Perth, Western Australia. Grave No. 602
"Sacred To The Memory Of John Ward Who Died 22nd January 1878 Aged 57 Years."5
ConvictedConvicted of larceny and sentenced to 10 years on 4 March 1849 at Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a groom on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 201 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 25 November 1851 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 10 August 1855 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedWales (256)
Theft CrimesLarceny
Last Edited6 May 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S7] Rica Erickson and Gillian O'Mara, Convicts in WA 1850-1887.
  3. [S11] East Perth Cemeteries, online eastperthcemeteries.com.au.
  4. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 9577/1878.
  5. [S11] East Perth Cemeteries, online eastperthcemeteries.com.au, https://www.eastperthcemeteries.com.au/explore/…

James Polson 2021

M, #202, b. 1 January 1828

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 1 January 1828.1 
ConvictedConvicted of burglary and sentenced to 10 years on 6 March 1849 at Derby, Derbyshire, England.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a farm labourer on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 202 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 13 January 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 8 December 1856 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesBurglary
Last Edited24 Sep 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.

John Sandy 2031

M, #203, b. 1828

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1828.1 
ConvictedConvicted of killing a sheep & attempting to steal it and sentenced to 10 years on 5 April 1849 at Spalding, Lincolnshire, England.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a farm labourer on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 203 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 11 December 1851 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 27 January 1855 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited31 Mar 2022

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.

John Carroll 2041

M, #204, b. March 1828

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in March 1828.1 
ConvictedConvicted of breaking & entering and sentenced to 10 years on 5 April 1849 at Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a farm labourer on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 204 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 11 December 1851 at Western Australia.1 
ExpiredHis sentence expired in April 1859 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesBreaking
Last Edited14 Jun 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.

Henry Bignell 2051

M, #205, b. 7 June 1821
Name-Change Henry Bignell 205 was also known as Henry Bignall 205.1 

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 7 June 1821.1 
ConvictedConvicted of desertion (Court Martial) and sentenced to 10 years on 4 May 1849 at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was married as at 13 May 1851.1,2 
OccupationRecorded as a bootmaker; soldier on 13 May 1851.1 
Physical Desc.Recorded with the physical attributes: Letter D on left side on 13 May 1851.3 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 205 on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 17 January 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted in January 1854 at Western Australia.1 
Bio Has an entry in "Locked Up in Fremantle."4 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
MilitaryMilitary Court Martial
Branded D for Deserter
Where ConvictedCanada (129)
Military CrimeDesertion
Last Edited30 Jan 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S84] Records of the Colonial Office, online nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728202615/findingaid#nla-obj-728207492, Register of applications for passages to the colonies for convicts' families
    https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2054368251/view
  3. [S6] Western Australia Convict Records, 1846-1930 SROWA, online Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60668/…
  4. [S249] Steve Errington, Locked Up in Fremantle, pg 26.

Andrew Stevens 2061

M, #206, b. 13 May 1828

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 13 May 1828.1 
ConvictedConvicted of house breaking and sentenced to 10 years on 8 July 1849 at Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, England.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a mason's labourer on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 206 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 16 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
ExpiredHis sentence expired in July 1859 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesBreaking
Last Edited1 Dec 2021

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.

William Ward 2071

M, #207, b. 1828

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1828.1 
ConvictedConvicted of assault & pickpocketing and sentenced to 10 years on 2 July 1849 at Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was married as at 13 May 1851. Applied for wife to come to WA 1/2yr return 31.12.1851.2,3 
OccupationRecorded as a brickmaker on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 207 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 16 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 5 August 1854 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Violent CrimeAssault/Violence
Last Edited13 Jul 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S84] Records of the Colonial Office, online nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728202615/findingaid#nla-obj-728207492, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2034317758/view
  3. [S84] Records of the Colonial Office, online nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728202615/findingaid#nla-obj-728207492, Register of applications for passages to the colonies for convicts' families
    https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2054368251/view

Levi Ingram 2081

M, #208, b. 1823, d. 22 May 1896

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

Family LinkLevi Ingram 208 and John Ingram 209 were brothers. 
BirthHe was born in 1823 at England.1 
DeathHe died on 22 May 1896 at Quellington, Western Australia, reg: 2085/1896.1,2 
ConvictedConvicted of sheep stealing and sentenced to 10 years on 2 July 1849 at Winchester, Hampshire, England.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a boatman on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 208 on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 16 February 1852 at Western Australia. The attached image is from the Perth TOL Register Acc 1386/1.1,3
ExpiredHis sentence expired in September 1859 at Western Australia.1 
AccompliceJohn Ingram 209

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
FamilyFamily Members Convicts
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited30 Aug 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au.
  3. [S370] Perth TOL Regiister Cons 1386/1 (1851 - Aug 1854), pg 219.

John Ingram 2091

M, #209, b. 29 June 1822, d. 24 May 1891

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

Family LinkJohn Ingram 209 and Levi Ingram 208 were brothers. 
BirthHe was born on 29 June 1822.1 
DeathHe died on 24 May 1891 at York, Western Australia.2,3,4 
BurialHe was buried on 24 May 1891 at York Cemetery, York, Western Australia.5 
ConvictedConvicted of sheep stealing and sentenced to 10 years on 2 July 1849 at Winchester, Hampshire, England.1 
OccupationRecorded as a boatman on 13 May 1851.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 209 on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being illiterate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 16 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
ExpiredHis sentence expired in January 1862 at Western Australia.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 7912 on 7 July 1864.6 
ConvictedConvicted of larceny and sentenced to 6 years on 7 July 1864 at Perth, Western Australia. He had been convicted previously.6,7 
OccupationRecorded as a labourer on 7 July 1864.6 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 6 January 1871 at York, Western Australia.6 
Cert. of FreedomHis Certificate of Freedom was granted on 6 November 1871 at York, Western Australia.6 
AccompliceLevi Ingram 208
Bio Has an entry in "Locked Up in Fremantle."8 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
MultipleMultiple Convict No.s Index
FamilyFamily Members Convicts
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited5 Aug 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S12] Trove, online trove.nla.gov.au, YORK. (1891, June 4). The W.A. Record (Perth, WA : 1888 - 1922), p. 8. Retrieved February 3, 2022, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article211681215
  3. [S36] Jan James Collection held at FamilyHistoryWA,Bayswater, WA, York Deaths 1842-1935.
  4. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 297/1891.
  5. [S36] Jan James Collection held at FamilyHistoryWA,Bayswater, WA, York Burials 1843-1935.
  6. [S7] Rica Erickson and Gillian O'Mara, Convicts in WA 1850-1887.
  7. [S12] Trove, online trove.nla.gov.au, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/66014258
  8. [S249] Steve Errington, Locked Up in Fremantle, pg 121.

Thomas Nash 2101

M, #210, b. 1817, d. 7 March 1879

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1817.1 
DeathHe died on 7 March 1879 at Mount Eliza Invalid Depot, Perth, Western Australia, Paralysis (this death could also belong to #3289.)2,3 
BurialHe was buried on 8 March 1879 at East Perth Cemetery, East Perth, Western Australia.4 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing watches and sentenced to 10 years on 3 July 1849 at Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a combmaker on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being illiterate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 210 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 17 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 3 April 1853 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited6 May 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S11] East Perth Cemeteries, online eastperthcemeteries.com.au.
  3. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 10099/1879.
  4. [S11] East Perth Cemeteries, online eastperthcemeteries.com.au, https://www.eastperthcemeteries.com.au/explore/…

William Linto 2111

M, #211, b. 1811, d. 23 December 1878

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1811 at Somerset, England.1 
MarrHe married Anne Genge on 15 November 1830 at Hardington, Somerset, England.2 
MarrHe married Mary Reading in 1853 at York, Western Australia.3 
DeathHe died on 23 December 1878 at York, Western Australia.4,1,5 
BurialHe was buried at York Cemetery, York, Western Australia. Headstone has wrong death date 23.12.1880.
Census_1841EngHe appeared on the 1841 English census at Hardington, Somerset, England. His occupation was shown as ag labourer.6 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing a hive of bees and sentenced to 10 years on 3 July 1849 at Bridgewater, Somerset, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was widower 2 chn as at 13 May 1851. Granted permission to marry 1/2yr return 30.6.1853.7,8 
OccupationRecorded as a ploughman on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 211 on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 17 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 26 January 1856 at Western Australia.1 
Census_1859YorkHe appeared on the 1859 York census at York, Western Australia, on the premises of William Linto (himself).9 
Bio See attached excerpts an a story compliments of Bevan Carter.

His grave is on the York Cemetery Historical Walk Trail - No. 7.10,11,12

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
StoriesConvict Stories Index
West AustYork Census 1859 Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited3 May 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S289] Somerset, England, Marriage Registers, Bonds and Allegations, 1754-1914, online Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/…
  3. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, reg 524/1853.
  4. [S36] Jan James Collection held at FamilyHistoryWA,Bayswater, WA, York - Death Index 1840-1905.
  5. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 10034/1879.
  6. [S2] 1841 England Census, online Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/…
  7. [S85] CO 18 Despatches, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2034041466/view
  8. [S6] Western Australia Convict Records, 1846-1930 SROWA, online Ancestry.com, Letter and Memoranda Books Comptroller-General to the Colonial Secretary (C19-C21) No. 162 (frame 330) https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60668/…
  9. [S110] State Records Office of WA, online archive.sro.wa.gov.au, https://archive.sro.wa.gov.au/index.php/…
  10. [S43] Bevan Carter, Norfolk Poacher, pg 283-284.
  11. [S51] Anne Mead, Mead Family History: Thomas, Henry, William and their descendants, pg 44.
  12. [S176] York Cemetery Hisrorical Walk Trail, pg 9.

Edwin Luscombe 2121

M, #212, b. 21 January 1823
Name-Change Edwin Luscombe 212 was also known as Edward Liscombe 212.1 

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 21 January 1823.1 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing canvas and sentenced to 10 years on 3 July 1849 at Bodmin, Cornwall, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a horsebreaker on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 212 on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 17 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 3 February 1855 at Western Australia.1 
AccompliceRobert Clatworthy 213
Bio Has an entry in "Locked Up in Fremantle."2 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited15 Aug 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S249] Steve Errington, Locked Up in Fremantle, pg 144.

Robert Clatworthy 2131

M, #213, b. 1829, d. 12 November 1897

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1829 at Devon, England.1 
MarrHe married Alice O'Keefe on 25 February 1861 at York, Western Australia. Daughter of Arthur O'Keefe.2,3
DeathHe died on 12 November 1897 at Mount Eliza Invalid Depot, Perth, Western Australia, paralysis after cerebral softening.1,4,5 
BurialHe was buried on 12 November 1897 at East Perth Cemetery, East Perth, Western Australia.6 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing canvas and sentenced to 10 years on 3 July 1849 at Bodmin, Cornwall, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a farm labourer on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 213 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 17 February 1852 at Western Australia. The attached image is from the Perth TOL Register Acc 1386/1.1,7
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 25 May 1861 at Western Australia.1 
AccompliceEdwin Luscombe 212

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited28 Aug 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 1591/1861.
  3. [S15] Marriage Certificate.
  4. [S11] East Perth Cemeteries, online eastperthcemeteries.com.au.
  5. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 2250/1897.
  6. [S11] East Perth Cemeteries, online eastperthcemeteries.com.au, https://www.eastperthcemeteries.com.au/explore/…
  7. [S370] Perth TOL Regiister Cons 1386/1 (1851 - Aug 1854), pg 226.

Thomas Cook 2141

M, #214, b. 1822

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1822.1 
ConvictedConvicted of killing a lamb and sentenced to 10 years on 5 July 1849 at Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was married 2 chn as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a woodcutter on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 214 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 17 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 18 February 1854 at Western Australia.1 
Bio Has an entry in "Locked Up in Fremantle."2 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesAnimal Related
Last Edited7 Oct 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S249] Steve Errington, Locked Up in Fremantle, pg 57.

Robert Hunt 2151

M, #215, b. 29 July 1826

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 29 July 1826.1 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing a loaf of bread; house breaking and sentenced to 10 years on 9 July 1849 at Wells, Somerset, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was widower 1 child as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a ploughman on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being illiterate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 215 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 21 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 30 December 1854 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited19 Mar 2022

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.

Isaac Friend 2161

M, #216, b. 1816, d. 18 October 1888

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1816 at Marksbury, Somerset, England.1,2 
BaptismHe was baptised on 17 November 1816 at Marksbury, Somerset, England, His parents were William Friend & Mary.2 
MarrHe married Harriett Harvey on 22 October 1837 at Corston, Somerset, England. Daughter of Aaron Harvey.3,4
MarrHe married Christina Young on 16 February 1869 at Jamieson, Victoria. Daughter of John Young & Ann Dunne.5,4
DeathHe died on 18 October 1888 at Jamieson, Victoria.6 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing a sheep and sentenced to 10 years on 9 July 1849 at Wells, Somerset, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
OccupationRecorded as a collier on 13 May 1851.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was married 2 chn as at 13 May 1851. Wife, Harriet of Upper Easton, Bristol.1,7
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 216 on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 21 February 1852 at Western Australia. The attached image is from the Perth TOL Register Acc 1386/1.1,8
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 22 November 1856 at Western Australia.1 
Research He is shown as "full age" on his first Mge Cert which suggests that he was born 1816 or earlier. The age of 30 on his prison registers suggests birth 1818/1819 whih does not line up with his Mge Cert.

Harriett is mentioned as his wife in the prison registers. 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
LeftLeft the WA Colony Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited14 Oct 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S276] Somerset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials, 1531-1812, online Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/…
  3. [S289] Somerset, England, Marriage Registers, Bonds and Allegations, 1754-1914, online Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/…
  4. [S15] Marriage Certificate.
  5. [S71] Victoria BDM, online https://my.rio.bdm.vic.gov.au/efamily-history/…, reg: 1102/1869.
  6. [S71] Victoria BDM, online https://my.rio.bdm.vic.gov.au/efamily-history/…, reg: 14061/1888.
  7. [S84] Records of the Colonial Office, online nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728202615/findingaid#nla-obj-728207492, Register of applications for passages to the colonies for convicts' families
    https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2054368251/view
  8. [S370] Perth TOL Regiister Cons 1386/1 (1851 - Aug 1854), pg 241.

James Ponting 2171

M, #217, b. 1831

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1831.1 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing an apron & bag and sentenced to 10 years on 9 July 1849 at Wells, Somerset, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a brickmaker on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 217 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 21 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
ExpiredHis sentence expired in September 1859 at Western Australia.1 
Bio Has an entry in "Locked Up in Fremantle."2 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited1 Feb 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S249] Steve Errington, Locked Up in Fremantle, pg 189.

William Blacker 2181

M, #218, b. 29 May 1823, d. 13 January 1884

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 29 May 1823.1 
DeathHe died on 13 January 1884 at Dongara, Western Australia, natural causes.1,2,3 
ConvictedConvicted of robbery and sentenced to 10 years on 9 July 1849 at Wells, Somerset, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a farm labourer on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 218 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 21 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 22 April 1854 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesRobbery
Last Edited6 May 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S95] WA Police Gazettes, online slwa.wa.gov.au/collections/collections/police-gazettes, 1884 pg 15.
  3. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 12259/1884.

Edward Howe 2191

M, #219, b. 25 December 1825, d. 1862

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 25 December 1825.1 
DeathHe died in 1862 at Fremantle, Western Australia, reg: 1922/1862.1,2 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing 2 sheep and sentenced to 10 years on 10 July 1849 at Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1,3 
OccupationRecorded as a farm labourer on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 219 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 23 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 1 March 1856 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited13 Jul 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au.
  3. [S84] Records of the Colonial Office, online nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728202615/findingaid#nla-obj-728207492, Register of applications for passages to the colonies for convicts' families
    https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2054368251/view

William Snell 2201

M, #220, b. 12 October 1823, d. 14 March 1852

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 12 October 1823.1 
DeathHe died on 14 March 1852 at Fremantle, Western Australia, dysentery.1,2 
ConvictedConvicted of sheep stealing and sentenced to 10 years on 10 July 1849 at Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was married as at 13 May 1851.1,3 
OccupationRecorded as a shoemaker on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 220 on 13 May 1851.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited13 Jul 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S84] Records of the Colonial Office, online nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728202615/findingaid#nla-obj-728207492, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2034201453/view
  3. [S84] Records of the Colonial Office, online nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728202615/findingaid#nla-obj-728207492, Register of applications for passages to the colonies for convicts' families
    https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2054368251/view

Charles Fereday 2211

M, #221, b. 26 February 1831, d. 15 June 1853

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born on 26 February 1831.1 
DeathHe died on 15 June 1853 at Convict Establishment Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, bronchitis.2,3,4 
BurialHe was buried on 15 June 1853 at Alma St Cemetery, Fremantle, Western Australia.2 
ConvictedConvicted of house breaking and sentenced to 10 years on 14 July 1849 at Worcester, Worcestershire, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a collier on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 221 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 24 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesBreaking
Last Edited26 Jun 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S44] Alma & Skinner St Burial Records, online https://fremantle.spydus.com/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/MSGTRN/WPAC/…, Page No 43.
  3. [S6] Western Australia Convict Records, 1846-1930 SROWA, online Ancestry.com, Letter and Memoranda Books
    Comptroller-General to the Colonial Secretary (C19-C21) No. 121 (frame 320) https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60668/…
  4. [S84] Records of the Colonial Office, online nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728202615/findingaid#nla-obj-728207492, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2034039252/view

William Kirkham 2221

M, #222, b. 1823, d. 21 February 1859

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1823.1 
DeathHe died on 21 February 1859 at Western Australia consumption.1,2 
ConvictedConvicted of stealing a boat and sentenced to 10 years on 20 July 1849 at Derby, Derbyshire, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was married 2 chn as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a brickmaker on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 222 on 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 24 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesStealing
Last Edited26 Jul 2022

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S85] CO 18 Despatches, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2044217012/view

Alexander Donaldson 2231

M, #223, b. 1820

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1820.1 
ConvictedConvicted of desertion (Court Martial) and sentenced to 10 years on 20 July 1849 at Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851. Granted permission to marry 1/2yr return 30.6.1853. Married Mary Cooper.1,2,3 
OccupationRecorded as a tailor; soldier on 13 May 1851.1 
Physical Desc.Recorded with the physical attributes: Letter D on left side on 13 May 1851.4 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 223 on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 24 February 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted in January 1857 at Western Australia.1 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
MilitaryMilitary Court Martial
Branded D for Deserter
Where ConvictedCanada (129)
Military CrimeDesertion
Last Edited8 May 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S85] CO 18 Despatches, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2034041466/view
  3. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 466/1853.
  4. [S6] Western Australia Convict Records, 1846-1930 SROWA, online Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60668/…

William Alfred O'Sullivan 2241

M, #224, b. 1826, d. 16 July 1890
Name-Change William Alfred O'Sullivan 224 was also known as William Sullivan 224. 

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

BirthHe was born in 1826.1 
DeathHe died on 16 July 1890 at Mount Eliza Invalid Depot, Perth, Western Australia.2,3 
ConvictedConvicted of desertion (Court Martial) and sentenced to 10 years on 17 August 1849 at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He had been convicted previously.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was unmarried as at 13 May 1851.1 
OccupationRecorded as a mason's labourer; soldier on 13 May 1851.1 
Physical Desc.Recorded with the physical attributes: Letter D on left side on 13 May 1851.4 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Justitia Hulk prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 224 on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 2 June 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 23 December 1854 at Western Australia.1 
Bio Mentioned in "Rogues, Rascals and the Reformed" pg 44.5 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
West AustMid West Convict Database Index
MilitaryMilitary Court Martial
Branded D for Deserter
Where ConvictedCanada (129)
Military CrimeDesertion
Last Edited20 May 2023

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S12] Trove, online trove.nla.gov.au, GENERAL NEWS. (1890, July 17). The Daily News (Perth, WA : 1882 - 1955), p. 3. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article76929835
  3. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 321/1890.
  4. [S6] Western Australia Convict Records, 1846-1930 SROWA, online Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60668/…
  5. [S67] Anne Jeffreys, Rogues, Rascals and the Reformed Ticket of Leave Men of the Irwin District 1860-1900, pg 44.

William Petty 2251

M, #225, b. 1798, d. 28 December 1876

Photo (if we have one) and Pdf Link files(s) to website records. Also look at Convict Ship level links for key WA records.

Family LinkWilliam Petty 225 and David Petty 226 were brothers. 
BirthHe was born in 1798.1 
DeathHe died on 28 December 1876 at Serpentine, Western Australia.2,3 
ConvictedConvicted of burglary and sentenced to life on 6 March 1847 at York, Yorkshire, England. He had been convicted previously.1 
OccupationRecorded as a woodcutter on 13 May 1851.1 
TransportedTransported to WA on the Mermaid arriving at Fremantle, Western Australia, on 13 May 1851. He had been collected from Portland prison.1 
Convict NoAssigned with Convict No. 225 on 13 May 1851.1 
LiteracyRecorded as being semi-literate as at 13 May 1851.1 
Family Status He claimed that his marital status was widower 5 chn as at 13 May 1851. Granted permission to marry 1/2yr return 31.12.1856. Married Mary Ford.1,4 
Ticket of LeaveHis Ticket of Leave was granted on 2 November 1852 at Western Australia.1 
Conditional PardonHis Conditional Pardon was granted on 6 February 1858 at Western Australia.1 
AccompliceAmos Settle 118
AccompliceDavid Petty 226
Bio Worked in the Murray District on TOL in 1855.5 

Found in These Indexes

ShipMermaid 1851 Convict Index
FamilyFamily Members Convicts
Where ConvictedEngland (7448)
Theft CrimesBurglary
Last Edited10 Aug 2024

Click on the Source No. for more information

Citations

  1. [S26] FHWA Convict SIG Records - Largely sourced from Convicts in Western Australia 1850 - 1887 by Rica Erickson and Gilliian O'Mara,48 May St, Bayswater, WA.
  2. [S12] Trove, online trove.nla.gov.au, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/66304453
  3. [S9] WA BDM's, online www.bdm.justice.wa.gov.au, Reg: 9251/1877.
  4. [S85] CO 18 Despatches, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2037088734/view
  5. [S185] Ronald Richards, The Murray District of WA, pg 266.